From obscurity in the shady ravines of the Sierra Mazateca in Oaxaca where it was used by indigenous healers, to the current resurgence of interest in this powerful plant, Salvia divinorum has remained revered for its ability to induce visionary states of consciousness. The history of this sacred herb will be presented, with specific focus on both the traditional and contemporary medicinal uses and a brief overview of the pharmacological and biochemical literature.