This presentation will provide a detailed review of the issues that retailers, herbal students and practicing herbalists need to be aware in order to
counsel their customers, clients and patients on the safe use of herbs. Included will be an overview of the principles of toxicology; discussion of history of use as a basis for determining safety; international perspectives and incidence regarding herbal toxicities; and specific toxicological concerns such as aristolochic acid, phytoestrogens, known and alleged hepatotoxins and herb-drug interactions.